Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 25th 　Question: How to prevent norovirus infection and influenza? What conditions do you need to see a doctor? — — Experts answer hot issues of infectious disease prevention and control in spring.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Gu Tiancheng and Dong Ruifeng

　　At the time of communication in winter and spring, the school season is also ushered in all parts of the country. Recently, some children with vomiting and diarrhea were diagnosed as Norovirus infection. At the same time, the results of influenza surveillance in local disease control institutions show that the current level of influenza virus activity in China has increased, mainly influenza A.

　　What is norovirus infection and influenza, and how to prevent it? What conditions do you need to see a doctor? On the 25th, the National Health and Wellness Commission organized an authoritative expert, Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, to answer the public’s hot issues about the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in spring.

　　1. Q: What is Norovirus? What are the symptoms after infection?

　　Wang Guiqiang: Norovirus belongs to the calicivirus family. After infection, the main symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea, which is an infectious disease of digestive tract. The source of infection is mainly from the mouth, but also through aerosol and close contact, such as primary school and kindergarten children holding and touching each other.

　　From the clinical manifestations, the symptoms are mild and severe, most of which are vomiting and diarrhea, while others lead to severe vomiting and diarrhea, and some serious cases may have systemic symptoms such as fever. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause a lot of electrolyte water loss in human body. Therefore, after being infected with Norovirus, it is necessary to fully rehydrate, pay attention to rest, and take sugar salt water or use rehydration salt in time.

　　2. Q: What do you need to see a doctor after being infected with Norovirus? How to prevent it?

　　Wang Guiqiang: If young children and the elderly are infected with Norovirus and show weakness, apathy, dry mouth and dry eyes, these conditions may be hypotension. We should measure blood pressure in time, go to the hospital in time, and give corresponding rehydration in the hospital.

　　If you dispose of it at home, you must pay attention to drinking light salt water or sugar salt water, because norovirus infection mainly leads to diarrhea and vomiting, which leads to the loss of a lot of electrolytes and water in the human body, which may have serious consequences. Some serious cases, such as elderly patients with basic diseases, may induce shock and other manifestations, so we should pay special attention to elderly patients with basic diseases.

　　Norovirus is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract. The first thing to do well in prevention is to manage the hygiene of food and water sources safely. The second thing is to do well in hand hygiene and wash your hands before meals. In places where children’s care institutions, primary schools and other people gather, once an epidemic situation occurs, it is necessary to immediately check whether food and water sources are polluted, and key areas such as canteens must be carefully inspected and sterilized to avoid further spread.

　　3. Q: What is the flu? What’s the difference with the common cold?

　　Wang Guiqiang: Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. The actual difference between influenza and common cold is mainly in the degree of illness and pathogen.

　　First, the etiology of the pathogen is different. There are many pathogens that can cause cold-like symptoms, and influenza is caused by influenza virus. At present, influenza A virus is more prevalent.

　　Second, flu symptoms are more serious than the common cold. Influenza can lead to persistent high fever, aching muscles and joints all over the body, and severe pneumonia. At the same time, influenza has the risk of aggravating the basic diseases of the elderly, and some patients may have secondary infections, such as upper respiratory tract infection, tracheitis and secondary bacterial infections. The general symptoms of the common cold are mild.

　　Third, in terms of treatment, influenza has specific drugs, and it is suggested that the sooner antiviral drugs are involved, the better. Although influenza is a self-limited disease, early use of drugs can shorten the course of disease, relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of severe illness. The common cold can generally be treated with symptomatic treatment. Drink plenty of water and pay attention to rest. There is no specific medicine.

　　Fourth, from the perspective of prognosis and complications, influenza is relatively harmful, and some individuals may cause the risk of hospitalization or even death.

　　4. Q: What symptoms do you need to see a doctor when you have the flu? How to prevent it?

　　Wang Guiqiang: From the point of flu treatment, generally speaking, symptomatic support treatment is the main treatment. If there is persistent high fever, shortness of breath and aggravation of basic diseases, you should go to the hospital in time. Especially for the elderly with basic diseases, it is suggested that they should go to the hospital in time when they have symptoms of fever, cough, headache and fatigue. If they are diagnosed with influenza, they should use antiviral drugs as soon as possible to avoid further deterioration of the disease, which will lead to the aggravation of the basic diseases. At the same time, it is recommended to carry out influenza vaccination every autumn.

　　Influenza is a respiratory infectious disease, and the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases is similar. Some measures to prevent Covid-19 infection are also measures to prevent influenza, and also help to reduce the risk of norovirus infection. Frequent ventilation, wearing a mask and good hand hygiene are all effective means to prevent influenza. In winter and spring, it is recommended that you wear masks in places where people gather or in closed spaces. Frequent hand washing, frequent ventilation and keeping social distance are effective in preventing all respiratory infectious diseases.

In August, 1931, Zhu Ziqing went to England to study linguistics and English literature for one year because of Tsinghua’s system arrangement for teaching study leave, and traveled to five European countries. As a foodie, after returning home, he not only involved in eating in the Miscellaneous Notes on a European Journey, but also mentioned the list of Chinese restaurants he had eaten in his diary, which was more in the author’s bibliography, leaving valuable materials for us to understand the situation of Chinese restaurants in Britain, especially in London. Later, Mr. Xia Nai studied in London for more than four years, and also left many records of Chinese restaurants. Therefore, although I am in "Diet Journey to the West"(Sanlian Bookstore Life Bookstore 2021 Edition)There has been a special chapter "English Chinese Food: From Sailors’ Pavilion to Hong Kong Pavilion" to discuss English Chinese restaurants in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, but this large amount of new historical materials is still enough to become a new chapter.

Zhu ziqing

First, laugh and tease the British diet

Mr. Zhu Ziqing pointed out at the beginning of the article "London Miscellanies, Eating":

When it comes to eating and drinking in Europe, who always thinks of Paris, London is not. Needless to say, just fried yam eggs. French cut into small dominoes, yellow, oily and delicious; Britain’s "Chip" is half yellow and half black, neither too hot nor too cold, and there is no smell in it. You can only be full. Besides, English food is eaten, and the main course is nothing more than fried beef ribs with sheep and two vegetarian dishes; A family has lived for four months, and has only eaten fried veal liver once, which is a new trick.(Zhu Ziqing’s Miscellaneous Notes on European Tour, Sanlian Bookstore, 1983, 155 pages)

London Miscellanies

His friend, Mr. Lin Yutang, has also greatly derogated from the British diet:

British people do not take food seriously, but regard it as a casual thing. This dangerous attitude can be found in their national life. If they know the taste of food, there will be words to express this meaning in their language. There was no word "cooking" in English, and they only had "cooking". They didn’t have proper words to call "chef", but simply called it "cook"; They didn’t say "menu" originally, but just called it "‘dishes’"; They didn’t have a word to call "gourmet", so they called it "Greedy Gut" (greedy belly) in nursery rhymes. In fact, the British don’t admit that they have stomachs … What the British are interested in is how to keep healthy and strong, such as eating more Bovril beef juice, so as to resist the attack of colds and save medical expenses.(Lin Yutang’s Chinese, Xuelin Press, 1994, 325 pages)

Xu Zhongpei, a famous journalist who was a special correspondent of the Central Daily News in London, simply said: "There is no cooking in Britain. Any vegetables are cooked in white. I often say that being a chef in Britain is the easiest job in the world. Anyone who has been to Britain knows that English food is boring."(Xu Zhongpei, London and I China Restaurant, Central Daily Weekly, No.5, 1948. Xu Zhongpei sometimes writes Xu Zhongpei. For example, when this article was published in the seventh issue of 147 Pictorial in the name of China Restaurant in London, it was signed by Xu Zhongpei. )

Zhu Ziqing arrived in Paris by land from Soviet Russia and then went to England, so he ate French food first, which was quite cheap and good: "September 7, 1931, Paris: dinner at the French hotel was worth five francs and seventy-five centimes, one meat and two vegetables, and a bottle of beer was very cheap." Therefore, when I went to London, I ate French food first among foreign dishes, and I even thought it was cheap and good: "September 11, 1931, London: I ate at Lyon restaurant, which was cheap and didn’t take tips, which was very good." I went on the next day, but I didn’t feel so good: "September 12, 1931, London: Dinner at Lyon restaurant, the mutton was very poor, the account was miscalculated, and the rest of the language was not enough." As for going to a small restaurant in England, there is no comment: "October 18, 1931, London: I had dinner with Tao Jun and Wang Zhaojun at a barbecue restaurant in the evening." "October 19th, 1931, London: Lunch at Express Dairy." Probably because it tastes bad. It wasn’t until a month later (Wednesday, November 25th, 1931) that I ate in a relatively high-end Imperial Hotel, but "lunch is good, it is expensive"-the British can still make a good taste for a penny, but the price/performance ratio is not attractive enough, so I "agreed with Tao to go to Lyon restaurant on Friday night"; "December 30, 1931, London: Dine at Lyon Restaurant in Piccadilly Circus", and continue to eat cheap and good French food. Later, Zhu Ziqing also found a great British restaurant with good quality and low price: "On December 8, 1931,London: Go to the Oxford Corner Hotel for dinner with Tao in the evening. As Tu told me, this is the palace of the poor! This nickname was taken by some British students. It’s really the largest restaurant I’ve ever been to. This restaurant is not only huge, but also beautifully decorated and has a good band. We can sit upstairs until twelve o’clock. The food here is much better than ordinary restaurants. "(Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing, Volume 9, Jiangsu Education Press, 1998, pages 41, 42, 59, 77, 95 and 82)

The Oxford Corner Hotel is a "poor man’s palace", and the Imperial Hotel is only relatively high-end. Anyway, "the first-class hotel has never been there". In addition to French food, Italian food, which is famous in continental Europe, is impossible for Zhu Ziqing not to taste, although it is not a first-class hotel:

Italian restaurants have been to two. The family is in Oxford Street, which is quite large, and there are female jugglers and dancers at dinner. I only remember that the first course was oysters and the like; A special dish with seven or eight round squares around the side, each with an oyster, tastes very elegant. The other one, Euston Road, is also a busy place. This family is small, and Tongxin powder is the best; Cut the flour into small circles half a minute long, fry it in yellow oil, spread it flat on a plate and sprinkle with cheese powder, which is relaxed and delicious. There are also fried "gas oysters", which are tender and fragrant, and the crickets and scallops can’t be reached; Only the oyster yellow in Ningbo seems to be close at hand.

Zhu Ziqing stayed in London for a year, but he didn’t cook by himself. He "went to eat two meals a day". It is reasonable to say that there were many restaurants to eat, but apart from remembering several French and Italian restaurants (of course, there are many Chinese restaurants, which will be described later), British local restaurants don’t remember much, either because they are small shops or because they don’t like English restaurants very much. In his love letter to Chen Zhuyin, he also said very briefly: "Most restaurants here are hosted by women. I went to a shop that didn’t give small bills, and the hospitality was good and bad! Some hosts are really scary! If a waiter has long eyelashes, as if he can’t see anything, and another asks what food he wants, these two are the most annoying; They are in the same family, so I don’t go there often. "(Zhu Qiaosen’s "Zhu Ziqing’s Love Letters", letter dated October 21, 1931, Jiangsu Education Press, 2001, 75 pages)

Zhu Ziqing’s daily visit to this small restaurant is probably the tea restaurant that he thinks best represents British cooking:

Old city restaurants and tea restaurants are the local flavor. Tea restaurant and frying shop are actually nicknames for small restaurants. The "rice" in the tea restaurant originally refers to lunch, but the things sold are not simple, and dinner is full; Besides frying beef, lamb chops and ribs, the frying shop also sells other things.

There are three cheap tea restaurants: LYONS, Express Milk Room and ABC Bakery. Each family has opened many stores, all over the city and outside; ABC is less and more expensive, and Laaynes is the most. The fried veal, veal liver and braised duck pieces in the express dairy are also delicious; They burn duck pieces with charcoal fire, so it has a China flavor. ABC fried beef liver can also be eaten, but it’s almost impossible to get old in a hurry; The dim sum is well baked, and several of them are comparable to the French bakery in Beiping. There doesn’t seem to be anything outstanding in Laaynes; But there are two "corner shops" in his house, both at the corner of downtown, but there are delicious foods there. The corner shop has two large rooms, one is upper and lower, and the other is three floors and three large rooms, which can accommodate about 1,500 people. There is a band playing in the evening. As soon as I entered, I saw it was dark and full of people. The corridor was narrow enough, but the weather was quite wide (a British student ridiculed it as "the palace of the poor", which might be good); There I often find and stand for a long time before waiting for an empty seat.(Zhu Ziqing’s Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel, Sanlian Bookstore, 1983, pp. 157-158)

He briefly said these things in his diary, just wondering if this tea restaurant has something to do with the tea restaurants that have been popular in Hong Kong since then. For lack of materials, I won’t go into it for the time being, but the expression in one of his diaries is very close: "January 6, 1932, London: I talked with Liu in the morning. We had lunch in a nearby teahouse. This teahouse is only visited by some workers. "(Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing, Volume 9, Jiangsu Education Press, 1998, 99 pages)

Zhu Ziqing has nothing to say about English restaurants, but he has said many times about the cooking skills of himself and his friend’s landlord, which makes him feel a little abnormal:

November 1, 1931, London: In the morning, it is advisable to go to Xu Zijun’s place and visit Windhoek Carmen. Xu Jun lives in a family with only one guest. The landlord is a widow, originally from Germany. Xu Yunshan cooks and cooks chicken soup as China does. He eats chicken twice a week, and the whole meal is only thirty-five shillings.

December 26, 1931, London: I had breakfast at Liu’s residence. I think the food here is better than ours, because the landlady is very attentive to everything. She also invited us to stay with her all day. Her words are so polite and humble that we can’t refuse them easily.

December 31, 1931, London: The food in Mr. Fu’s residence was good, and I drank too much wine.(Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing, Volume 9, Jiangsu Education Press, 1998, pp. 64, 92 and 95)

In the love letter, he also specifically talked about the cooking skills of his new landlord, and said it better: "November 9, 1932: I moved here on Monday, and everything was still comfortable … The cook was very good and the food was delicious, but after eating well these two days, my stomach became uncomfortable. You can blame it. It’s really an unappreciated stomach."(Zhu Qiaosen’s Handwriting of Zhu Ziqing’s Love Letters, Jiangsu Education Press, 2001, 92 pages)

Second, gather in China restaurant.

Zhu Ziqing said in "Miscellaneous Notes on Europe Tour": "There are seven or eight China Hotels in London, which are very different in price, depending on the place. Although there are some high and low dishes, they are all Cantonese in disguise, far less good than Shanghai Xinya. I asked for a bowl of chicken wonton in a Guangdong building, which is one yuan and sixty cents in China, which is expensive enough. "(Zhu Ziqing’s Miscellaneous Notes on European Tour, Sanlian Bookstore, 1983, 158 pages)It seems too bad and too expensive. However, he went to almost every one of these seven or eight restaurants, leaving their names in his diary, and his impression of the food was far better than this published account. We might as well sort it out one by one. Among them, the one who went the most was Shundonglou, which was first seen in the pen, and was recorded four times:

September 15, 1931, London: Lunch is at Shundong Building, invited by Liu Zhongxi.

October 8, 1931, London: Visiting Liu Zhongxi Jun, meeting Wang Shufang Jun, and studying mechanical engineering in Manchester factory. I met Wu Dingliang Jun, who was a student of No.5 Normal University. I heard his name for a long time, and now I have a doctorate. I still studied statistics from Karl Pearson and thought of getting a doctorate in science. He is very knowledgeable. The canal asked Liu Jun to go to the East Building for dinner, and I also kept pace with it. As a result, wu jun was the host; It is also so troublesome to invite people to a meal in a foreign country.

November 13th, 1931, London: Invited Mr. Zhou to have dinner in Shundong Building, where he met two China ladies who spoke Shanghai dialect. I haven’t heard Shanghainese for two months! Their style and manners are also a Shanghai style, and I hate and admire them, which is really contradictory.

November 28, 1931, London: I had lunch with Liu and Lu in Shundong Building.

Nanjing building was also recorded four times, but the first two times were given a "very good" evaluation, and it was not too expensive!

October 3, 1931, London: The meal was in Nanjing House, one third (pound), one soup and two dishes. It was very good and the dishes were extremely abundant.

October 7, 1931, London: Lunch at Nanjing Building, very good.

October 10, 1931, London: When I went to Nanjing Building for lunch, I met a China student and cursed an American student, saying that there was someone who wrote a paper on the evolution of women’s socks (high waist) and menstrual belt.

December 28, 1931, London: Mr. Luo visited. He told me something about the Christmas party at Nanjing Hotel. He said that someone named He accused everyone of indulging in pleasure at the meeting, but he himself came to London from Cambridge for pleasure!

Xinhua Weizhai recorded three times, two of which were alumni dinners, with Peking University alumni and Tsinghua alumni respectively; In my humble opinion, this is also a Chinese restaurant that has never been seen by others:

December 23, 1931, London: Old alumni of Peking University in London held a luncheon in Xinhua Weizhai, where everyone held a long talk.

December 27, 1931, London: Mr. Jia was invited to have lunch at Xinhua Weizhai.

January 1, 1932, London: Dinner with alumni from Tsinghua University in Xinhua Weizhai.

From the gathering of Nanjing Building mentioned above to the gathering of Xinhua Weizhai, Chinese restaurants are really the gathering place for international students, and Shanghai Building is famous for the gathering of Peking University alumni:

September 24th, 1931, London: Dinner at the Shanghai Building was rare in Chinese. The food is not bad

February 27, 1932, London: Dinner at Shanghai Building, which is famous in London for the gathering of Peking University alumni. At three o’clock, Lin Yutang gave a speech on "The Spirit of the Times of China Culture", and the discussion was very lively and interesting.

In addition to the above Chinese restaurants, Zhu Ziqing also visited Huaying Building and Xinyue Restaurant occasionally:

September 15, 1931, London: Dinner was invited by Mr. Luo, in Huaying Building, inferior to Shundong Building.

January 31, 1932, London: Attended the banquet of Dr. Lin (Yutang) at Xinyue Restaurant. After lunch, go to his place with him. He talked to me about his plans for a Chinese typewriter.(Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing, Volume IX, Jiangsu Education Press, 1998, pp. 43, 54, 70, 78, 51, 53, 55, 94, 89, 93, 97, 46, 118, 43 and 109)

Of course, these are not necessarily Mr. Zhu Ziqing’s complete records, and he has no obligation to remember them in every family. As far as I know, there are six restaurants, namely Shundong Building, Nanjing Hotel, Xinhua Weizhai Building, Shanghai Building, Huaying Building and Xinyue Restaurant, which are generally consistent with the seven or eight he mentioned in London Miscellanies-because he didn’t or didn’t want to or dared to go to the first-class hotel, while the most famous Chinese restaurants in Britain at that time were Xinghua Building and Flower Exploration Building. Mr. Hua Wu (Guo Zixiong) said: "The most luxurious apricot blossom building in Oxford Street was originally the first China restaurant in London. Most of the employers were outsiders, so poor students could not afford it." In Hua Wu’s pen, the flower exploration building can also be called a first-class hotel: "The flower exploration building at the bottom of the wall is very ostentatious, and poor students are not allowed to go."(London Sketch China Restaurant, Cosmic Wind, No.1, 1935)Expensive is only one aspect, and the key is delicious, otherwise it will be unkind; The Flower Exploration Building is worthy of its high price: "There are five or six China restaurants in London, and the equipment is good or bad. The Flower Exploration Building is the most expensive, and the food tastes similar. The expensive food is also very good, which is comparable to Shanghai’s elegance, but the cheap one will not work."(Mao Yugong’s Life in Britain, Jiaotong University Alumni, No.3, 1937, pp. 31-33)

Business Magazine, Volume 5, No.1, 1930, London Xinghualou Restaurant

Zhu Ziqing and poor students can’t afford to go to the Xinghua Building and the Flower Exploration Building, so who should go? The dignitaries can go. For example, when Hu Die, the winner of the film, visited Europe and arrived in Britain in 1935, she was seated here: "I had lunch at the Flower Exploration Building, and I met the Mr. Li, his wife and relatives I met in Paris. This gentleman is not only from Guangdong, but also from Heshan County, which is the same county as me. "(Hu Die’s Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel, Shanghai Liangyou Book Company, 1935, 97 pages)The Flower Exploration Building is often a place of diplomatic protocol: "Formal banquets or foreign guests of both sexes will accompany them to the Flower Exploration Building. The facilities in the restaurant are gorgeous, and the waiters in dresses are very arrogant. They open champagne, chew shark’s fin and drink bird’s nest soup during the music performance. Although it is somewhat incongruous, it is enough for ostentation and extravagance."(Jing Qing’s Talking about Eating, New China, Volume 3, No.20, 1935)As early as 1924, Liang Shiyi, the former Premier of the State, set off for Europe and America on March 5, and had a banquet with Ke Sze Sao, the British ambassador to the United States, in Tanhua Building on July 7 in London. In the evening, the farewell party of the British embassy is also in the Flower Exploration Building.(Chronicle of Liang Shiyi, edited by Fenggang and his disciples, Guangdong People’s Publishing House, 2014, 350 pages)

However, the new flower-exploring building opened later was unexpectedly cheap and fine, but strangely it belonged to the same boss:

I’m in China Restaurant in London, and I almost always go to the new flower exploration building in Wardour street, Piccadilly. Chinese eats a lot there, and gives special treatment to our own China compatriots. There are company dishes, about one shilling and nine servings for one person. There is already one soup and two stir-fried, and the rice is as full as possible, and there is a pot of good rain. The quality of western food is richer than that of five shillings. When I first arrived in London, I unfortunately ran to a flower exploration building, also in Piccadilly, which was opened by the same owner as the new flower exploration building. There is no company food there, and a bowl of sliced pork soup is not enough unless it is five shillings. Later, I went several times before I learned about this new flower exploration building. So in the future, in London, where the living standard is very high, I found this cheap and good canteen to satisfy my hunger.(Cang Sheng’s Miscellaneous Notes on Europe, Life in London, People’s Weekly, No.26, 1935)

Cang Sheng said that the food in Tanhualou was expensive but not delicious, probably because he was not used to the lightness of high-grade Cantonese food. And this is a calculation, and it has exceeded seven or eight. In fact, it is far more than these seven or eight. Jingbo, who came to Britain almost at the same time as Zhu Ziqing, mentioned a elegant building: "There are also several China restaurants in London, and sometimes they go there to satisfy their cravings. Because I’m tired of eating ham and eggs, and I’m just as uninterested as Japanese’ Misuo Xi Lu’, so we often find traces of Daya Building and Nanjing Building. "(Jing Bo’s Life of British Overseas Students, Reading Magazine, Volume 1, No.2, 1931)Mr. Yu Pingbo, who came earlier than Zhu Ziqing, has been in London for less than half a month, but he has repeatedly mentioned a China Lou Chinese restaurant:

On February 22, 1920, I drove at 8: 35 (from Liverpool) and arrived in London at 2 pm. Chen, Wu and Ren Junjun came to meet them and went to the Students’ Union in Britain. ….. Night in China building for dinner, and talk to the club.

24th: In the afternoon, I was managing things. It takes fifty shillings a week to find a house in Qian Yi Chenopodium to the southwest. Dinner at China Building in the evening.

February 28th: In the afternoon, Qian came to Fuyu and met Chen Jun (Xiying). Chen asked Ren, Fu and I to have dinner in China.

March 1st: Xie Fu invited Wu, Ren, Chen, Yang and Zhang to dinner in China Building.(The Complete Works of Yu Pingbo, Volume 10, Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1997, Foreign Diary, A, pp. 162-163)

Two or three years later, Xia Nai, who came to the University of London in the autumn of 1935 to study archaeology and later became a famous archaeologist, went to restaurants from time to time and basically only went to Chinese restaurants, but said that "there are five China hotels in London", which is obviously a glimpse of the scholar-he has eaten more than five Chinese restaurants later, and he has never been to such famous restaurants as Xinghualou and Tanhualou. Besides, he can’t afford to go or he can’t bear to go. It is not easy to study because of the prosperity of the anti-Japanese war, and he wants to study for a few more years with limited funds; By August 31, 1938, his public expenses had expired, and "research work, beaded cataloging, reached No.360", although fruitful, was still not finished. "The accumulation of frugality and food was enough for more than one year", so although I lamented "three years of overseas blood and tears", why bother! " Still insisted on returning to China through Egypt after the outbreak of World War II in Europe in the autumn of 1939. However, he worked in Cairo Museum for more than a year before arriving in Kunming in early 1941 via West Asia, India and Myanmar. "His doctorate in Egyptian archaeology from London University was awarded in 1946 after the war."(Diary of Xia Nai, East China Normal University Press, 2011 edition, Volume II, page 225, with Wang Zhongshu’s Biography of Mr. Xia Nai attached to the first book).

Xia Nai

Like Zhu Ziqing, the Chinese restaurant that Xia Nai visited the most was Shundong Building, and as soon as he arrived in London, he went: "September 3, 1935: arrived in London at 6 pm … and went to Shundong Building to eat Chinese food." The next day, I went again: "September 6, 1935: In the afternoon, Tan (Ji Fu), Zeng (Soyul) and Zhou (Jianbei) came to Shun East Building for dinner." Then I rented a good room (September 6, 1935), "My bedroom is 35 shillings a week, including meals", but I still often go to Chinese restaurants, which is still the first choice for Shundong Building:

September 27th, 1935: I visited Tan Jifu Jun with Chen Fengshu Jun in the morning. He came from Birmingham and will go back to school next week. In the afternoon, I went to the city to watch movies. After the break, I went to Shun East Building to eat Chinese food and drink beer. There were 7 people present (Tan Jun, Zhou Jun, Zeng, Chen and I), and Chen Jun was the host, which cost a total of 35 shillings. The food is not expensive, 2 shillings for each guest, and 1 shilling for a bottle of beer. Even I can drink two bottles, and I drank 15 bottles in total (the small bottle can only hold one cup).

October 6, 1935: At the invitation of Wu Jinding Jun, I went into the city and arrived at Shundong Building. It was originally scheduled to be 12: 30. Today is the first day of winter. The clock in London was set back at 1: 00, and the rest was still at 11: 30. I strolled nearby, including Beijing Building, New Flower Exploration Building and New China Building. (Press: The Beijing Building and the New China Building, which were not mentioned by the above-mentioned scholars)

November 20, 1935: I went to Li Chaoying for an appointment with Jun, and went to Shundong Building for lunch. Mrs. Li Jun was also present, and she was from Hangzhou.

November 22, 1935: Lin Changfeng and Li Chaoying were scheduled to eat together in Shundong Building, and Li Furen was also present.

During the first few months in London in 1935, I only went to Shundonglou and never went to other Chinese restaurants. I really loved it. Dear, go on. In 1936, I first went to the Beijing Building: "February 6, 1936: I went to the British Museum with Wu Jun and had lunch with the Beijing Building to talk casually about the archaeology in China." Throughout the year, except for this time, I have been to Beijing Building, and the rest have continued to go to Shundong Building:

July 25th, 1936: I went to town with Chen Jun, and went to Shundong Building for dinner. Take the 3 o’clock train to Dorchester.

September 14th, 1936: Visit Tang Xiang Long Jun at Guilford Street (guildford Street) and have lunch with Shun Dong Lou.

October 7, 1936: In the afternoon, I went to the British Museum, met with Xiang Juemingjun, talked until the evening, and went to the Shundong Building for dinner.

Next, shortly after the beginning of the new year in 1937, I went out to eat for the first time, and went to a Chinese restaurant and Shun East Building: "January 9, 1937: I went to Wu Qiyuan’s place with Chen Jun in the afternoon, Luo Fengchao and Li Mingqijun lived in a room with Wu Jun, played bridge and went to Shun East Building for dinner." There is a Beiping Building in the middle: "January 23, 1937: I made an appointment with Mr. Li (Ji), Mr. and Mrs. wu jun, Xiang Jueming and Zeng Zhaosui to have dinner at Beiping Building." The rest are basically going to Shun East Building:

February 7, 1937: I went to Zhong Daoming’s appointment and had lunch at Shundong Building. Mr. Li (Ji Zhi) and Mr. wu jun were also present.

May 12, 1937: To China Restaurant, the price was increased today (the coronation day of the Emperor), and a meal cost 3 shillings, which can be described as a rip-off. We’ll call it noodle soup instead, at a shilling and a half. (Press: The restaurant that is so familiar, although it is not clearly said which one, is probably Shundong Building. )

May 17th, 1937: In the evening, I had dinner with Zhong, Zhou, Tang and Chen Sijun in Shundong Building.

May 21, 1937: I went to the Royal Hills and met Mr. Li (Ji). Mr. Li was dissatisfied with the French and German students, saying that they played with women and didn’t study. Less than 10% of the 400 people in Germany actually studied. The companion went to Charing Cross Street to buy books, and went to Shun East Building for dinner.

May 27th, 1937: This week, I continued to listen to Rostovtzeff’s lecture, and I came to listen to Jue Ming and Zeng Zhaosui. Tonight, I went to Shun Dong Lou for dinner with Erjun. wu jun and Pan Jun were present and talked until 10: 30.

June 6, 1937: wu jun and Zeng Jun were invited to dinner in Shundong Building to chat about the domestic archaeological community.

June 12, 1937: In the evening, I had dinner with Tang Xiang Long Jun in Shundong Building, and went to Wu (Jinding) Jun to get his paper.

Since then, the Beijing Building and the Shun East Building have alternated, but the Shun East Building is still the main one:

June 19th, 1937: Zhong Daoming was invited to dinner at the Beijing Building, so that Zhong Jun would return to China next month.

June 27th, 1937: At the invitation of Jun, we should have a dinner in Shundong Building in the evening to see Ms. Zeng and Mr. and Mrs. wu jun off.

July 11th, 1937: china christian council and China Association welcomed Liu Tingfang and Wei Zhuomin, and Cheng Yaosheng invited me to attend. After the meeting, I went to the Beijing Building for dinner with Chen Fengshu and Li Mingbian, and everyone was indignant when I met Zhang Dechang.

July 20, 1937: In the evening, I went to Wu Jun’s appointment and had dinner in Beijing Building.

July 21st, 1937: wu jun and his wife, Zhong Xiang and Zhu Jun had lunch together in Shundong Building.

July 27, 1937: In the evening, I met Tang Jun and Zhong Erjun in Shundong Building, and chatted with Tang Jun, so that Tang Jun would leave England for France the day after tomorrow.

September 15th, 1937: Arrived in London in the evening, found a hotel for Zhu Jun and invited him to Beijing Tower for China dinner.

June 4, 1938: Chen Jun was invited to Beiping Building for dinner in the evening to congratulate him on his master’s degree. Zhu Qingyong is your company.

November 12, 1938: Yesterday in the China Association, I met Huang Zongshijun, a military student, and graduated from No.10 Middle School. He was not at the same level as Wu Xuerong and was from Rui ‘an. Today, let’s go to Oxford for sightseeing … Return to London and have dinner in Shundong Building.

December 4, 1938: In the afternoon, at the invitation of Wang Shengzu, he went to his apartment. Zhu Jun and Wang Tieya Jun were also present. After playing bridge and tea, he continued to stay in the evening and went to Shundong Building for dinner.

June 25th, 1939: Yesterday, Mr. Wang Weicheng came from Oxford, and Mr. Zhu Qingshui had lunch together in Shundong Building.

June 30, 1939: Guide Wang Jun to visit the school building, the Chinese Department Museum and the exhibition of E.E.S. (Egyptian Exploration Society). In the evening, I had dinner with Zhang Zongsui, Xu Baolu Jun and others in Shundong Building.

July 24, 1939: The Anti-Japanese War Daily began to be compiled today, and it arrived every two weeks in turn. Braving the heavy rain to report to the Chinese Association, I came across Mr. Yuan Jiahua, invited him to Shun East Building for China dinner, led him to his apartment, and chatted until 10 o’clock.

September 24, 1938: Wang Weicheng came from Oxford and invited him to Shun East Building for dinner.(Diary of Xia Nai, East China Normal University Press, 2011 edition, Volume I, pages 356-357, 368, 372 and 392; Volume II, pages 10, 56, 69, 74, 88, 90, 92, 109-114, 116-118, 125, 215-216, 232, 233, 249, 250, 252, 260 and 264).

Among the English Chinese restaurants written by most scholars or literati in the Republic of China, Shundong Building is certainly not as high-end and famous as Xinghua Building and Flower Exploration Building, but only the traces of Zhu Ziqing and Xia Nai in those years and the stories of scholars written by them are enough to last for a long time.

China Restaurant in London, Volume 4, No.6, 147 Pictorial, 1946.

Zhu Ziqing occasionally goes to Shanghai Building and Huaying Building, while Xia Nai occasionally goes to Shanghai Building and Zhongshan Building:

September 28th, 1939: At noon, Professor glanville was invited for lunch in Shanghai Building, accompanied by Dr. baumgartel and Miss Macharge (Miss Macharg).

October 21, 1939: The landlord and his wife treated me well. Last week, they took the opportunity of the landlord to leave the camp and invited them to Zhongshan Building for a banquet.(Diary of Xia Nai, Volume II, East China Normal University Press, 2011, pages 260 and 264)

Zhongshan Building is unknown, but Shanghai Building and Huaying Building are quite stories. For example, Xu Zhongpei, a famous reporter of the Central Daily News in London, has a soft spot for Shanghai buildings. She wrote in "London and Me: China Restaurant": "My favorite restaurant is the Shanghai Building, which is located in Greek Street and presided over by a lady of mixed Chinese and English. This restaurant was originally opened by a Chinese. He married an English wife and had a large number of children. When he died, he entrusted the management of his life to the big lady, and the big lady did not live up to it. He managed it prosperously. I think the first reason why I like Shanghai Building is that it has a quiet environment, but the biggest reason is that it has two dishes, one is sausage, the other is tofu, and I can occasionally eat vermicelli soup there. Later, we became acquainted with our eldest sister, who often served us a dish of fermented bean curd with our thanks. "(Xu Zhongpei’s London and I China Restaurant, Central Daily Weekly, No.5, 1948)

Jing Qing’s "Talking about Eating" is also written in the Shanghai Building. In her opinion, it’s just a small restaurant that eats snacks: "Young tycoons, wealthy residents and businessmen, large and small diplomats of embassies … when they have casual snacks, they will go to the Shanghai Building or Shundong Building, and formal banquets or male and female foreign guests will accompany them to the Flower Exploration Building."

In the records of the late 1940s, Shanghai seems to be the top Chinese restaurant: "There are about 30 restaurants in China in London, but only Shanghai Tower and World are appreciated by Chinese himself. The Shanghai building is exceptionally elegant, with two or three elegant rooms and halls, walls full of famous paintings and calligraphy, and several landscapes and figures of Hunan embroidery. With these things, we can also attract western customers and comfort the official and business students from the motherland who go to Britain. In addition to painting and calligraphy, the world also has the scenery of China with oil paintings on the walls, which is also unique. As for the cups, plates and bowls of porcelain, ivory chopsticks are even more exquisite than ordinary restaurants in China.(Tan Naxi’s Memories of Traveling Around: Newspaper Street and China Restaurant in London, Central Daily Weekly, No.10, 1947)If you don’t dare, you must.

Huaying Building is near the New Oxford Street, where Mr. Hua Wu (Guo Zixiong) first ate in London. Its boss is a Cantonese. It is said that he first worked as a servant in another China restaurant. Later, after earning a few dollars, he opened this restaurant alone. His wife is his colleague who used to work as a servant, and from the following description, she should be an English woman. And it is his foreign wife who shows his demeanor:

This proprietress is in her thirties, wearing a pair of small glasses, and her attitude is very mild. Sometimes her classmates catch a cold, so she gives you some medicine to eat, which is very effective. Later, the boss of Huaying Building gave up his business and returned to Guangdong with his wife and two children. Before leaving, the proprietress said, "My husband is Chinese, I want to be Chinese, and my son has to be Chinese and study China. Like you, you will work for your country in the future. I can’t live here permanently and let my sons grow up here, so that when they grow up, the British don’t recognize them as British and Chinese doesn’t recognize them as Chinese. For them, let’s go back to China. China is our country, right? "(Hua Wu’s Sketch of London China Restaurant, Cosmic Wind, No.9, 1936)

In his love letter to Chen Zhuyin during his study tour in Britain, Mr. Zhu Ziqing wrote that "most hotels here are hosted by women" and that "there are also one or two male students who marry Chinese and foreign hybrid women and foreign women, but all of them are waitresses, and no matter how high they are, they will not marry Chinese".(Zhu Qiaosen’s Handwriting of Zhu Ziqing’s Love Letters, Jiangsu Education Press, 2001, 75 pages)Why don’t you write about the hostess in these Chinese restaurants? It’s a pity.

According to South Korean media reports, as of October 26, South Korea has reported 59 deaths after influenza vaccination. Although people are worried and the number of people vaccinated has dropped sharply, the government has not stopped.

South Korean President Moon Jae in said at the meeting in Cheongwadae that there was no direct causal relationship between the deaths after influenza vaccination and vaccination. In order to prevent influenza and the simultaneous infection and spread of influenza and COVID-19, it is necessary to continue to expand the scope of influenza vaccination. I hope that people will not be too upset, miss the timely vaccination, and accidentally catch the flu with a high mortality rate, which will lead to greater danger.

It is reported that most of the cases that died after influenza vaccination were elderly people over 70 years old, and the shortest death was 4 hours after vaccination, and a 17-year-old boy died 2 days after vaccination.

Every winter and spring is the high-incidence season of influenza. At present, the whole world is in the epidemic stage of COVID-19. Academician Wang Chen, Dr. Zhang Wenhong and other experts recommend influenza vaccination to avoid catching the flu, reduce the chance of going to a fever clinic, and also reduce the chance of co-infection of two viruses and reduce a hidden danger.

Therefore, there are many people in China who want to get the flu vaccine, and there is a great demand for the vaccine. So, how can we vaccinate safely?

Why do vaccination have serious adverse reactions?

First of all, one thing must be affirmed: the vaccine ingredients contained in the flu vaccine will not cause the flu.

But at the same time, as a medicine, influenza vaccine is not absolutely safe. There are a lot of possible adverse reactions, such as redness, induration, pain and burning sensation at the inoculation site. A few people may have systemic reactions, such as fever, headache, dizziness, lethargy, fatigue, myalgia, general discomfort, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Most people’s adverse reactions are mild, which can disappear by themselves within 3 days. Serious adverse reactions are very rare. There is no difference in safety between tetravalent influenza vaccine and trivalent influenza vaccine; There is no significant difference in safety between domestic and imported influenza vaccines. Adverse reactions may be related to the following three reasons:

One is immune response. Because influenza vaccine is a medicine made by processing, inactivating, sterilizing and cracking influenza virus, it will simulate the immune response induced by real virus and promote the body to produce antibodies, which is often accompanied by various adverse reactions.

Second, trace endotoxin and impurities may remain in the process of influenza vaccine production and preparation.

Third, it may be a coupling reaction. That is to say, when the flu vaccine is injected, it may just be the incubation period of other diseases, and after the flu vaccine is injected, the disease will break out.

No matter what causes it, if the body’s immune response is too intense, or the original disease is aggravated and serious, and it is not treated in time and properly, serious adverse reactions may occur.

One of the serious adverse reactions is Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). The annual incidence of GBS in the general population is 10 ~ 20 cases per 1 million adults, which is very rare.

The other is immediate hypersensitivity. Any vaccine has the risk of immediate hypersensitivity. Severe anaphylaxis may be life-threatening, and it usually occurs within minutes to hours after inoculation. Its symptoms include urticaria, angioedema, severe anaphylaxis, etc. The incidence rate is usually 1-2 cases per million people.

Two types of people prone to adverse reactions

Adverse reactions after influenza vaccination may be related to the sensitivity of the immune system of people of different ages. Because children and young people are more sensitive, a slight invasion of harmful substances such as viruses will trigger obvious immune reactions, so the probability of adverse reactions will increase; On the other hand, with the increase of age, the elderly are prone to chronic pain, which is stubborn and difficult to treat. Therefore, all kinds of pain after vaccination will be covered up by chronic pain, so they think that they have no adverse reactions and delayed treatment.

Children: The probability of adverse reactions after influenza vaccination is higher than that of adults, and the most common one is fever. The younger the age, the higher the probability of fever, but it usually disappears on its own after 1-2 days of vaccination. At the same time, the risk of febrile convulsion in children within 1 ~ 2 days after vaccination will also increase.

Elderly: The most common adverse events in adults include injection site pain, fever, myalgia and headache; In the elderly, the pain at the inoculation site is the most common, but the duration is generally less than 2 days, and the degree is usually slight, which basically does not affect daily activities.

A large number of data show that vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine will not harm pregnant women and fetuses, and will not increase the risk of congenital malformation of fetuses.

Precautions for vaccination

Contraindications for influenza vaccination are those who are allergic to any ingredients (including excipients, formaldehyde, cracking agents and antibiotics) contained in the vaccine; Patients with mild to moderate acute diseases with or without fever symptoms are advised to be vaccinated after the symptoms subside.

It should also be noted that people who are allergic to eggs are not taboo at present, so people who are allergic to eggs can be vaccinated against influenza.

Influenza vaccination can be given during the prevention and treatment of influenza antiviral drugs, and it is suggested that the elderly over 65 should be vaccinated with influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine at the same time.

The common causes of adverse reactions are fasting and psychological factors, and the treatment methods are drinking warm sugar water, keeping warm and keeping a quiet and comfortable environment, and making appropriate psychological adjustment. Local pain and redness can be treated with local dry and hot compress; Respiratory symptoms such as dry mouth and cough can be relieved by drinking warm water.

However, if you feel unwell after vaccination, you should communicate with the doctor of the vaccination institution in time. If the symptoms have not subsided for more than 3 days, you should see a doctor in time.

In a word, influenza has always been an infectious disease that is harmful to health. Now it is the epidemic period in COVID-19. Vaccination of influenza can not only protect itself from influenza virus infection, but also play a good barrier role in the occurrence of influenza in groups. Influenza vaccination should be actively carried out, especially for high-risk groups such as the elderly, children and pregnant women.

　 1905 movie network exclusive feature A little different from previous years, in 2015, a lot of "Machamp’s chaotic gods" emerged in the mainland film market, from the devil’s world in Zhong Kui to the radish essence in monster hunt, from the sinking of the ice sea in Taiping Wheel to the Kunlun avalanche in the Nine-story Demon Tower, from the alien ball in Unbelievable to the dragon-seeking tactic. … The endless emergence of special effects blockbusters fully shows the increasingly abundant imagination and emboldened technological progress of Chinese films.

　

　 It may surprise you that 49 of the 50 best box office movies in history are told by special effects characters. While people are enjoying the visual bombing with relish while drinking cola and chewing popcorn, have they ever thought about what kind of people are the special effects artists who created these screen wonders that are fake and cool? Is an artist who is unrestrained? Or is it a bitter science and engineering house? What is their income? How are they doing?

　

　 With this problem, 1905 Film Network made a special trip to interview several special effects artists from internationally renowned visual effects companies Pixomondo and VHQ, as well as other "veterans" who once struggled in the front line, to reveal the unknown ups and downs of special effects artists behind their glamorous works … …

　

Self-cultivation of special effects artists: artists? Engineer? Or a craftsman?

　

　 As the "behind-the-scenes hero" of the film industry, the jobs of makeup, fine arts, photography, editing, music and sound effects have a long history, and ordinary audiences probably know what these jobs are for even if they have never made a film. The special effects artist is newly born in the wave of film digitalization in the past two or three decades, and his professional characteristics of emphasizing the combination of art and technology are very mysterious and avant-garde. Ordinary movie fans may have heard more or less about green screen synthesis, CG characters, digital landscape painting and motion capture, and even know a little about their production process. However, what kind of people are special effects artists, but they may not understand them.

　

　 In the interview, we found that this seemingly tall industry actually has a low entry threshold. Compared with music and art, which need years of "children’s work" accumulation, the practitioners in the special effects industry may come from any major: some art school students who have learned to paint since childhood "push the boat with the current", and some science and technology houses "become monks halfway" because of their obsession and love; The educational level of the practitioners is also uneven: there are regular troops majoring in digital art from famous schools, and there are also masters of "returnees" who are striving for perfection. Of course, in China, most practitioners actually come from various short-term and medium-term training courses in the society.

　

　 However, if you think that the special effects artist is a "simple" job, you are all wet — — Although most low-level special effects artists are really doing a lot of seemingly boring mechanical work, in fact, it is almost endless to deepen this work — — Especially for special effects artists who are exposed to three-dimensional special effects, when encountering projects with special needs, the existing plug-ins often cannot meet the needs. At this time, special effects artists need to "tailor" and develop new tools for specific projects.

　

　 For example, in the 10-minute fighting between wolves and horses on a snowy night in Wolf Totem, VHQ, which is in charge of the special effects part, not only created a realistic series of CG wolves and CG horses, but also made a special snowstorm system. Guo Yiran, who is in charge of this "heavy project", recalled: "The snow we usually see usually floats down, but the amount of snow on the Inner Mongolia prairie is very large, and the wind is particularly strong, like white wool snow is intermittent, and some snow on the ground is blown up again." In order to easily adjust the direction, amount and shape of the snowstorm in the picture, the special effects department just spent a month to create this blizzard system, and then put it in each shot after completion, and then adjust it according to different scenes.

　

　 It can be seen that special effects artists not only need good artistic intuition, but also have high requirements for technology and tools, and the latter often plays a more critical role in the process operation of large-scale projects. Although in the eyes of many ignorant and whimsical directors and producers, special effects artists are just technicians and engineers at best; Although in the industry, special effects companies often declare that their employees are "artists", Li Da, a special effects artist from Pixomondo, put forward a more accurate term for his career orientation — — "Art engineer".

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Xingrui’s exterior design is full of modernity and science and technology, and the front face adopts a family design language, showing a unique style. The front grille is decorated with penetrating chrome, and with sharp LED headlights, the whole front face looks very delicate and powerful. The body lines are smooth, and the waistline extends from the front to the rear, creating a dynamic visual effect. On the whole, the appearance design of Xingrui not only conforms to the modern aesthetic trend, but also has a sense of movement, which brings more driving pleasure to drivers.

Xingrui car has a body length of 4785mm, a body width of 1869mm and a body height of 1469mm, and a wheelbase of 2800mm, which provides good support for the interior seating space. The car’s side lines are smooth and dynamic. With 18-inch rims, the tyre size is 225/45 R18, showing a fashionable and steady style.

Xingrui’s interior design is based on fashion and technology. The center console is equipped with a 14.6-inch high-definition touch screen, which supports voice recognition control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioner and skylight. The steering wheel is made of leather, which has the function of manual adjustment up and down, forward and backward, providing the driver with a comfortable grip and convenient adjustment. The seat material is a mix of leather and suede. The main driving seat supports front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (2-way) and lumbar support adjustment (4-way), and has heating and ventilation functions. It is also equipped with headrest speakers, which improves driving comfort. The co-pilot seat supports front and rear and backrest adjustment, and the rear seat has a proportional reclining function, which is flexible and changeable. In addition, the car is also equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces, with two interfaces in the front row and one interface in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to charge and connect devices.

Xingrui is equipped with a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 175kW (238HP) and a maximum torque of 350Nm, providing abundant power output. Matching it is an 8-speed automatic manual transmission, which ensures a smooth shifting experience and smooth power transmission.

The owner of car home said that the atmospheric appearance and classic attractive interior layout of Xingrui won his heart, and the power of 2.0T190 horsepower fully met the daily driving needs. He mentioned that from picking up the car to the current total mileage of 2,800 kilometers, Xingrui has excellent handling performance, rock-solid body posture, accurate steering wheel and impressive sound insulation effect, whether commuting in urban areas or driving at high speed.

In [car home Shanghai Preferential Promotion Channel], we bring you exciting news-the high-profile public is launching an unprecedented preferential promotion activity in Shanghai. This discount not only gives car buyers the opportunity to start with this classic model at a very low price, but also the highest discount range even reaches an astonishing 54,000 yuan. At present, the minimum starting price of Passat has been adjusted to 127,900 yuan, which is an opportunity not to be missed. If you are interested in Passat, don’t miss this excellent opportunity to save the cost of car purchase. Please click "Check the car price" in the quotation form, so as to seize this competitive offer and make your dream of buying a car come true as soon as possible.

As a classic business car, Passat’s design combines elegance and strength. Its front face is designed with smooth lines, and the air intake grille is decorated with chrome, which looks exquisite without losing the atmosphere. The overall style follows the design language of Volkswagen family, and the body lines are simple and powerful, showing a stable and advanced business temperament. The proportion of the car body is coordinated, and the details show the rigor and elegance of German craftsmanship, which can attract people’s attention whether in urban streets or business occasions.

Passat outlines a unique profile with its elegant and smooth body lines. The body size is 4948mm*1836mm*1469mm, and the wheelbase is as long as 2871mm, providing passengers with spacious and comfortable interior space. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1584mm and 1570mm respectively, which ensures the stability of the vehicle. Tyre size adopts 215/60 R16 with simple and exquisite rim design, which adds a sense of movement and stability to the overall appearance.

[Introduction to Interior]
Passat’s interior design inherits the classics and exquisiteness of Volkswagen brand, and takes simplicity and practicality as the leading factor. The combination of warm wooden decorative board and exquisite metal elements creates an elegant atmosphere without losing the sense of technology. The steering wheel is made of plastic, but it is ergonomically designed, comfortable to hold and easy to control. It has the function of manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, providing the driver with an ideal operating space.

On the center console, an 8-inch touch screen stands in it, which is clear and easy to read, integrates multimedia system and telephone function, supports voice recognition, and is convenient for drivers to operate easily during driving. Equipped with rich USB and Type-C interfaces, distributed in the front row and back row, to meet the multimedia needs of passengers and equipment charging.

In terms of seats, leather-like materials are used, which are soft and wear-resistant. The main and co-pilot seats support multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, backrest and height, ensuring the comfort of passengers during long-term driving. The rear seats support proportional tilting, which provides flexibility for loading large items. Generally speaking, Passat’s interior design gives consideration to luxury and practicality, providing drivers and passengers with a high-quality interior experience.

For Passat, its 1.4T engine can provide powerful power performance, its maximum power reaches 110 kW and its maximum torque reaches 250 Nm. This engine has a power output of 150 horsepower, and with a 7-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox, it brings a smooth and efficient driving experience to drivers.

To sum up, as the owner of car home said, Passat has successfully integrated business and life with its stable and fashionable design. Whether it is the smooth lines of the car body or the sharp headlights on the front face, it reflects its unique charm. Passat is undoubtedly a trustworthy choice for drivers who pursue quality and practicality.

　　CCTV News:Russia and China are each other’s largest neighbors, and China and Russia share a common border of more than 4,300 kilometers. China and Russia are the most important comprehensive strategic cooperation partners, and the development of bilateral relations has reached an unprecedented high level in recent years. Let’s take a look at our friendly neighbors — — Russia.

　　A vast and resource-rich trans-Eurasian country.

　　Russia straddles Europe and Asia, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea in the west. As its national anthem sings, "From the southern sea to the Arctic territory, there are our forests and fields everywhere." Russia, with a vast territory of about 17 million square kilometers, is the largest country in the world. Russia has the largest reserves of minerals and energy resources in the world, and the proven natural gas reserves rank first in the world. It is also an important oil mining country and exporter in the world.

　　Moscow, the capital with Red Square as the center

　　Moscow, the capital of Russia, is the political, economic, scientific, cultural and transportation center of Russia. Moscow is centered on the Kremlin and Red Square, with a circular and radial layout. Red Square has a long history and magnificent architecture. After years of precipitation, it has witnessed the history and glory of Russia.

　　CCTV reporter Wei Wei:The famous Red Square is not really big, it is 695 meters long from north to south and 135 meters wide from east to west. Since it was officially named "Red Square" in 1662, it has been developing and continuing to this day. This is a famous tourist attraction and a must-see for tourists from all over the world. Because Red Square is close to the Kremlin, it is also the political center of the country. At the same time, Red Square is also the place where various national large-scale celebrations are held. On the Victory Day of the Great Patriotic War on May 9 every year, the Russian President will attend the grand Victory Day military parade held in Red Square, and on November 7, a slightly smaller retro military parade will be held here again to commemorate the military parade that went directly from Red Square to the battlefield on November 7, 1941. It can be said that Red Square is also a holy place to remind people not to forget the history of war and inherit patriotism.

　　A powerful cultural and sports country with talented people.

　　Russia is a cultural power. Russian literature, classical music, painting, architecture and other arts have a long history and enjoy a high reputation in the world, with krylov, Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, Tolstoy, Lie Bin, Tchaikovsky and other artists emerging. Ballet is the quintessence of Russia, and Tchaikovsky’s three major ballets, Swan Lake, Nutcracker and Sleeping Beauty, have always been performed and are familiar and loved by people all over the world.

　　Russia is also a traditional sports power. Football, ice hockey and tennis are the most popular sports for Russians. Gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming and volleyball are all traditional Russian Olympic advantages. The cold and long winter has made Russian ice and snow sports world-famous. In figure skating, speed skating and other projects, Russia has a large number of talents.

　　CCTV reporter Wei Wei:Next year, the 21st World Cup will be held in Russia, which is the third world-class sports event held in Russia after the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics and 2014 sochi winter olympics. At that time, the competition will be held in 12 stadiums in 11 cities in Russia, among which the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow will attract the most attention because it will host the opening match and the final. This prestigious stadium in Russia has now completed all the infrastructure work, and modern competition facilities will be added inside the stadium to ensure the smooth progress of the World Cup.

　　Russian aerospace industry with outstanding achievements

　　The achievements of Russia’s space industry have attracted the attention of the world. As early as 1950s and 1960s, the space industry of the Soviet Union opened the way for mankind to develop the universe, leaving many "world firsts" in the history of human space exploration. April 12th is Russian "Space Day" every year to commemorate the first space voyage of former Soviet astronaut yuri gagarin.

　　CCTV reporter Wei Wei:This tall statue was built in memory of astronaut Gagarin. It was completed in 1998 and is 42.5 meters high. It is made of titanium, and it is also an indispensable material in aerospace manufacturing. From the Soviet period to modern Russia, Gagarin has become a symbol and symbol of the aerospace industry. Due to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the continuous economic crisis, the Russian space industry was once seriously affected, but it has been restored and developed continuously in recent years. In April 2016, the "Oriental" space launch site carrying Russia’s expectation of independent space exploration completed its first launch mission. As one of the largest and most magnificent projects in Russia, Russia hopes to maintain its position as a space power through the "Oriental" space launch site.

　　China and Russia: the most important comprehensive strategic cooperation partners

　　China and Russia share a common border of more than 4,300 kilometers and are each other’s largest neighbors. In recent years, the development of bilateral relations has reached an unprecedented high level. Under the planning and guidance of the two heads of state, the two sides are actively promoting their respective development strategies and the construction of the "Belt and Road" to connect with the Eurasian Economic Union, constantly deepening pragmatic cooperation in various fields and further deepening the integration of interests between the two countries.

　　Cctv news(News broadcast): "The rivers are rushing to see China". Today (October 6), I will see the Tarim River in Xinjiang and the Wanquan River in Hainan. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the two places have continuously improved the water ecological environment, so that the achievements of protection and governance can benefit more people along the route, and they have embarked on a road of ecological priority and green development.

　　Tarim River, located in the northern part of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, originates from glacial meltwater and is formed by the confluence of 144 rivers. It is the longest inland river in China. During this period, the Bozikule Populus euphratica forest area in the lower reaches of Tarim River is stepping up ecological water conveyance in autumn. This year, the total area of Populus euphratica forest with ecological water supply in Tarim River basin is nearly 5.82 million mu, of which 40% is flooded by flood diversion.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Tarim River has adhered to the principle of "playing a chess game in the basin", and implemented river-lake connection, mutual aid in abundant and low seasons, and inter-basin water transfer from various sources, effectively solving the problems of uneven distribution of water resources in the basin and uneven water use. Various agricultural products such as Yecheng Walnut, Korla Pear and Pishan Sweet Pomegranate have generally increased production. In Ruoqiang County, the local characteristic forest fruit is built as the leading industry.

　　From desert to orchard, from laoba village to fertile land, such changes are more and more in Tarim River basin. The Yarkant River, one of the headwaters of the Tarim River, has been comprehensively managed, and the people along the river bid farewell to the Millennium flood, which has opened a new journey of rural revitalization. The Tarim River, which runs through almost all oases in southern Xinjiang, nourishes more than 45 million mu of fertile land and more than 12 million sons and daughters of all ethnic groups.

　　Wanquan River is located in the central and eastern part of Hainan Island and flows through Qiongzhong, Wanning and Qionghai. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hainan has continuously strengthened the ecological protection of Wanquan River Basin, designated drinking water source protection areas, banned cage culture and livestock and poultry breeding, and built strip parks along the river and coastal green corridors. At present, the water quality of the main stream of Wanquan River has been maintained at Class II water on the surface for a long time. Relying on good ecology, rural tourism will be developed along the line to create a characteristic town. During the National Day holiday, Ganao Village beside Wanquan River welcomed a large number of tourists.

　　In Wennan Village, Wenchang, about 100 kilometers away from Hongling Water Control Project, a tributary of Wanquan River, villagers who just harvested rice used Wanquan River. Since the start of Hongling Irrigation District Project, several emergency water transfers have been completed, and it is expected to be delivered by the end of this year, which will effectively ensure the safe drinking water of more than 900,000 people in the northeast of Hainan Island and the irrigation water of over 1.45 million mu of farmland.

　　At the mouth of Wanquan River, Boao Town in Qionghai is world-famous for the annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia. Relying on the Boao effect, the local government will build a "beautiful countryside Meeting Room" to receive Chinese and foreign guests, build an agricultural opening-up cooperation pilot zone, and promote the integrated development of rural industries. From the ecological river to the open river, today’s Wanquan River is constantly glowing with new vitality.

　　The conference site. Xinhuanet photo by Yang Lijun.

　　Cctv newsOn December 19th, China Smart Supply Chain Investment and Construction Conference was held in national hotel. At the meeting, China Smart Supply Chain Investment and Construction Alliance was formally established. At the same time, big coffees from all walks of life in the country gathered together to discuss how to use new technologies and elements such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence to explore new ways to build a smart and efficient supply chain and boost the upgrading of traditional supply and marketing models.

　　Launching ceremony site. Xinhuanet photo by Yang Lijun.

　　The theme of this conference is "Smart Supply and Marketing, Linking the World", aiming at implementing the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China’s proposal to build a modern economic system and the Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting the Innovation and Application of Supply Chain issued by the General Office of the State Council, promoting the deep integration of Internet big data artificial intelligence and traditional supply chain, realizing the transformation and upgrading of traditional economy, exploring new technologies and models for the development of rural and urban-rural circulation supply chain suitable for China’s national conditions, and promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development.

　　Signing ceremony. Xinhuanet photo by Yang Lijun.

　　At the meeting, leading enterprises such as Minsheng Securities Co., Ltd., Softcom Power Information Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Harbin Institute of Technology Robot Group Co., Ltd. and Surbana Jurong Private Limited reached relevant cooperation intentions with leading enterprises in the supply and marketing industry in China, national industry associations and local governments, and formed the China Smart Supply and Marketing Supply Chain Construction Alliance.

　　"We will be committed to building a globally competitive smart supply chain system with China characteristics." The relevant person in charge of China Smart Supply and Marketing Supply Chain Construction Alliance introduced that the alliance will introduce global smart resources, empower China’s new economic industries with new technologies, promote the deep integration of information technology and traditional supply chain enterprises, and serve the transformation and upgrading of local economy; Create an innovative supply chain based on "big data+smart supply chain+local industrial clusters", and plan and lay out infrastructure such as regional local intelligent fulfillment centers and industrial parks to help transform and upgrade local industries. At present, there are four domestic smart supply chain fulfillment centers in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, East China, Southwest China and Liaodong Bay, and the "Belt and Road" Singapore smart fulfillment transit base.

　　As an important part of the conference, big coffees from various industries gave keynote speeches on the construction of smart supply chain system. Wu Shuwu, Vice President of iSoftStone, Wang Meng, CEO of Harbin Institute of Technology Robotics Group, and Dr. Zhang Qingyu, Head of Economic and Industrial Planning Department of Shengyu Holding Group, and other professionals spoke freely on topics such as "China Smart Supply and Marketing Supply Chain (Agriculture) Business Model", "Application of Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain System" and "Production-city Integration and Logistics Planning and Development Experience", which provided new ideas for building a smart supply chain system with China characteristics.

　　It is reported that this conference is sponsored by China Agricultural Products Circulation Brokers Association, China Information Association, Information Center of Ministry of Agriculture and China Ethnic Medicine Association. Co-organizers include Minsheng Securities Co., Ltd., New Supply and Marketing Industry Development Fund, Xinhuanet Co., Ltd., China Supply and Marketing Group Marine Economic Development Co., Ltd., Softcom Power Information Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Harbin Institute of Technology Robot Group Co., Ltd., Shengyu Holding Group and Hebei Provincial Government Agricultural Guidance Fund.

　

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The third issue of the "Potential Hero Conspiracy Meeting" sponsored by the titanium media "Potential Investment" was recently plotted again, with the theme of "Sino-US content eco-investment strategy". Investment hotspots in pan-content fields such as VR, IP, games, movies, online celebrity, and live broadcast are all discussed.

Thoughts on Xiaomi’s Content Layout

From the data point of view, the volume of the entire content market is constantly expanding. Last year, the box office of Chinese movies was 44 billion, and the market value of mobile games was nearly 50 billion. Focusing on Xiaomi, an Internet company with an early domestic content, Jiang Wen, the investment director of the Strategic Investment Department, summarized the idea of Xiaomi’s content layout into two parts: one is IP content production, and the other is IP content distribution.

IP content production is actually people’s content production ability. Xiaomi looks for the best people and teams in each vertical category and signs them. Whether it is investment or signing in Xiaomi Company. "We will also invest in joint companies or joint figures in the big industrial chain." Jiang Wen made an analogy. "The core is the content, the focus is on publicity, and success is on arrival. In the whole film and television industry chain, we attach importance to the discovery of marketing and publicity. Some film and television and new cultural marketing companies that have already invested can help us reach users with good content. "

Content distribution, like iQiyi, Youku, including Xiaomi’s own video traffic platform with daily activity of 30 million and monthly activity of 90 million. Seizing the traffic entrance is Xiaomi’s planned investment strategy.

The Era of IP Outbreak: Investment and Operation Strategies

In recent years when the concept of IP is hot, any discussion involving the commercialization of content is inseparable from the hub of IP. As a representative figure of listed companies participating in the layout of content investment, Liu Yanjing, general manager of Palm Technology Overseas Department, introduced their investment perspective. Palm is mainly engaged in the research and development and distribution of games, and at the same time, it has made many layouts in the entire entertainment ecosystem, including investment in Leke VR, secondary website bilibili, anchor platform Betta, and mainstream VR game engine Unitty3D.

In terms of IP layout, the IP "national miracle" of South Korea was invested at the beginning of the year. Liu Yanjing said that the research and development of this product is done by herself, with a monthly income of about 150 to 200 million RMB in Korea. Just because they saw the value of similar investment, they went on to acquire the developers such as Tianma Shikong, Dazhangmen and KOF, including the "miracle of the whole people".

"There are some such IP vendors that I personally think are indeed underestimated." She analyzed that Ledao just bought SNK for more than 80 million US dollars last year, including games such as "Metal Warhead" and "Boxing Champion". From the data she saw, she contributed tens of millions of net profits to SNK every month.

"So it is worthwhile to buy such a company for more than 80 million US dollars. There may still be some undervalued IP vendors in Japan and South Korea. This year, everyone seems to be rising. However, I still think there are some such IP vendors worth exploring. The promotion of IP cooperation to the game industry is very obvious."

Jiang Wenshen, investment director of Xiaomi Strategic Investment Department, was deeply touched by the sharp rise in IP purchase cost. Everyone has money and wants to find a good story to make a movie and make a game. Up to this year, some products have been successful, such as "Hua Qiangu". Few people knew this story before making TV series. Why? It’s a class B IP. Due to the success of IP operation, online dramas and TV dramas are on fire, and games are also driven.

For some B-level or lower-level IP, the results of different operation methods are completely different. With the best creative team, find the best online celebrity and first-line actors to present. As long as you confirm that this is a good IP, you can use the super lineup to fry IP to a new height. In fact, it is the process of IP secondary development, and the content is distributed through high-quality production ability, publicity ability and content publicity platform.

Operational countermeasures of IP three-stage

In the operation of IP, Jiang Wen divided it into three stages. In the era of IP1.0, it is only about the purchase of good novels and good content. He has seen a project before, and the founder is not an IP circle. Just because everyone read a novel and said it was good. He bought it for one million RMB and kept it in the company. In a few years, the novel became very successful. Chen Guofu, including Xú Zhēng, took a fancy to this IP, so it was valuable, and so was the company that owned it.

"The operation strategy of IP in the 1.0 era is very simple, and the IP is good. I will take it and I will put it."

In the 2.0 era, mobile games or film companies saw that IP was good, and they had a good production team and announced channels, so they made IP. This is a single product concept, and the launch of the product means the end of the entire IP operation strategy.

"We are now more inclined to the IP3.0 era, and regard IP as the beginning of copyright ownership and knowledge operation." Jiang Wen learned from chatting with Nanpai Uncle that Nanpai Uncle has three strategies when operating IP.

The first strategy is called IP splitting, such as "Ghost Blowing Lights" and "Tomb Raider Notes", and this story is not over. He took some characters out of it and began to make new works. It is to split a small IP from a big world view. There is a character named Wang Daohai in Tomb Robbery Notes. He wrote another book called Burying Flowers in the Sea through this character.

The second is IP convergence. What is IP convergence? Xiaomi and Nanpai’s uncle are making another work, which is actually to add a new character to the whole grave robbery system. If the work is on fire, the new characters make everyone immediately think of other stories and characters related to Nanpai’s uncle, make a new IP through the integration of IP, and detonate this IP at the same time.

The third is called IP resurrection. Before Di Renjie was made by Huayi, no one had any impression on Di Renjie. After Huayi made it, through the concept of historical figure IP resurrection, the IP was completely reshaped. From then on, this IP belongs only to this author. From the overall IP operation strategy, there are still many ways to create this piece.

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